Речь в этой статье пойдет о расчете толщины стен из самого распространенного, полнотелого глиняного обожженного красного кирпича. Размеры полнотелого кирпича 250х120х65 мм, вес 3,2кг, расчетный вес одного кубометра 1.8 т. для сравнения один силикатный весит 4кг, один кубометр 2т.
Очевидно, что толщина стен кратна ширине кирпича, отсюда и названия способов укладки по толщине: стена в пол кирпича, кирпич, полтора и так далее, соответственно толщина таких стен равна: 12см, 25см, 38, 51см, увеличение размера на 1см происходит за счет толщины растворного шва. Рассчитывают толщину стен из кирпича исходя из климатических условий и расчетных нагрузок. Например, в северных районах, при температурах в -30 градусов, наружная стена должна иметь толщину 64см, т.е. в два с половиной кирпича.
В случаях, когда предполагается утепление стен (пенопласт, минвата), можно ограничится толщиной в 25см. несмотря на климатические условия. Несущие стены внутри дома, должны выкладываться в толщиной 25см, перегородки делают в пол кирпича (12см), а если длинна стены менее 1,5 метров, то можно и в четверть (укладывается на ребро). Основное свойство стен выложенных из глиняного кирпича, это низкая теплопроводимость, т.е. остывают такие стены долго, но и прогреть их очень не просто. Чем стены толще, тем сильнее выражается их тепловая инерционность. Зимой в кирпичных домах достаточно комфортно, но летом, вечерней прохлады вы не дождетесь.
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